Egyptian Apis mellifera bee propolis modulating resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics.
by Fatma Alzahraa Hareidy, Ahmed Farag Azmy, Nesreen Mostafa Kamel, Abeer Sayed Moawad, Fatma Salah Rasslan & Maha Eid Omran
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus remains a significant challenge due to its persistent antibiotic resistance, highlighting the urgent need for alternative antibacterial agents. Our study explored the resistance-modulatory potential of two Egyptian propolis samples against 68 clinical S. aureus isolates (61 MRSA and 7 MSSA). We assessed methicillin resistance and antibiotic susceptibility, further evaluating propolis resistance modulatory and synergistic effects using specific methodologies, including the checkerboard method. Antibacterial potency was determined via broth microdilution, while HPLC characterized its chemical profile. We differentiated strains using spa typing and investigated propolis direct cellular effects through time-kill assays and transmission electron microscopy.
* THESE STATEMENTS HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION. THIS IS NOT INTENDED TO DIAGNOSE, TREAT CURE OR PREVENT ANY DISEASE.